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developed fuel

Толкование Перевод

1 developed fuel

создал нехватку горючего

English-Russian dictionary of logistics > developed fuel
2 newly developed fuel

Атомная энергия: созданный вид топлива (контекстуальный перевод на англ. язык)

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > newly developed fuel
3 newly developed fuel type

1) Атомная энергия: разработанный вид топлива (речь идёт о ядерном топливе)

2) Ядерная физика: созданный вид топлива

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > newly developed fuel type
4 fuel

1. n топливо, горючее

liquid fuel — жидкое топливо

fuel consumption — расход топлива

fuel filling — заправка топливом

fuel endurance — запас хода

fuel ratio — состав смеси

fuel gauge — топливный расходомер; бензиномер

nuclear fuel — ядерное топливо

fuel pump — топливный насос, бензопомпа

fuel agent — горючее

fuel bed — слой топлива

fuel material — топливо

cargo fuel — груз топлива

fuel drain — слив топлива

2. n разжигание страстей

to add fresh fuel to a quarrel — разжигать ссору, подстрекать ссорящихся

3. v заправлять горючим или топливом

transmit fuel — транспортировать горючее

trip fuel — топливо на полет по маршруту

uplift fuel — топливо на участок подъема

vapor free fuel — дегазированное топливо

developed fuel — создал нехватку горючего

4. v запасаться топливом; заправляться горючим

residual fuel — невырабатываемое топливо

transfering fuel — перекачивание топлива

external fuel — топливо в подвесных баках

fuel depletion — полная выработка топлива

fuel distribution — распределение топлива

5. v питать, поддерживать

this organization is fuel led by massive grants — эта организация держится на огромных субсидиях

6. v заливать топливо; питать топливом

ram-jet fuel — топливо для прямоточных реактивных двигателей

motor fuel oil — топливо для двигателей внутреннего сгорания

internal fuel capacity — емкость топлива во внутренних баках

fuel pit — шахта для выдержки отработавшего ядерного топлива

cold-starting fuel — топливо для холодного запуска двигателя

7. v мор. принимать топливо, грузить топливо

to fuel a ship — принимать топливо на корабль

fuel shutoff — выключение подачи топлива

high-duty fuel — высокооктановое топливо

kerosene-type fuel — керосиновое топливо

low-grade fuel — низкокалорийное топливо

low-sulphur fuel — малосернистое топливо

8. v мор. грузиться топливом

nuclear fuel plant — завод по производству ядерного топлива

low fuel level indicator — указатель низкого уровня топлива

fuel oil purification plant — установка для очистки топлива

engine fuel governor — регулятор подачи топлива в двигатель

aircraft fuel consumption — расход топлива воздушным судном

9. v мор. ж. -д. экипировать

Синонимический ряд:

1. ammunition (noun) ammunition; fodder; material

2. combustible heap (noun) combustible heap; combustible material; fire; pile to be burned; pyre

3. gasoline (noun) gasoline; petroleum

4. activate (verb) activate; energize; incite; stimulate

5. charge (verb) charge; fill

6. feed (verb) feed; fire; kindle; stoke

Антонимический ряд:

starve

English-Russian base dictionary > fuel
5 volatile fuel

летучее горючее

developed fuel — создал нехватку горючего

transmited fuel — транспортировал горючее

behavior of fuel — характеристики горючего

develop fuel — создавать нехватку горючего

fuel request — заявка на поставку горючего

English-Russian big medical dictionary > volatile fuel
6 carbonitride fuel being developed

Атомная энергия: разрабатываемое карбонитридное топливо

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > carbonitride fuel being developed
7 newly developed carbonitride fuel

Атомная энергия: разработанное карбонитридное топливо

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > newly developed carbonitride fuel
8 nuclear fuel being developed

Ядерная физика: разрабатываемое ядерное топливо

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > nuclear fuel being developed
9 Hamilton, Harold Lee (Hal)

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives, Steam and internal combustion engines

[br]

b. 14 June 1890 Little Shasta, California, USA

d. 3 May 1969 California, USA

[br]

American pioneer of diesel rail traction.

[br]

Orphaned as a child, Hamilton went to work for Southern Pacific Railroad in his teens, and then worked for several other companies. In his spare time he learned mathematics and physics from a retired professor. In 1911 he joined the White Motor Company, makers of road motor vehicles in Denver, Colorado, where he had gone to recuperate from malaria. He remained there until 1922, apart from an eighteenth-month break for war service.

Upon his return from war service, Hamilton found White selling petrol-engined railbuses with mechanical transmission, based on road vehicles, to railways. He noted that they were not robust enough and that the success of petrol railcars with electric transmission, built by General Electric since 1906, was limited as they were complex to drive and maintain. In 1922 Hamilton formed, and became President of, the Electro- Motive Engineering Corporation (later Electro-Motive Corporation) to design and produce petrol-electric rail cars. Needing an engine larger than those used in road vehicles, yet lighter and faster than marine engines, he approached the Win ton Engine Company to develop a suitable engine; in addition, General Electric provided electric transmission with a simplified control system. Using these components, Hamilton arranged for his petrol-electric railcars to be built by the St Louis Car Company, with the first being completed in 1924. It was the beginning of a highly successful series. Fuel costs were lower than for steam trains and initial costs were kept down by using standardized vehicles instead of designing for individual railways. Maintenance costs were minimized because Electro-Motive kept stocks of spare parts and supplied replacement units when necessary. As more powerful, 800 hp (600 kW) railcars were produced, railways tended to use them to haul trailer vehicles, although that practice reduced the fuel saving. By the end of the decade Electro-Motive needed engines more powerful still and therefore had to use cheap fuel. Diesel engines of the period, such as those that Winton had made for some years, were too heavy in relation to their power, and too slow and sluggish for rail use. Their fuel-injection system was erratic and insufficiently robust and Hamilton concluded that a separate injector was needed for each cylinder.

In 1930 Electro-Motive Corporation and Winton were acquired by General Motors in pursuance of their aim to develop a diesel engine suitable for rail traction, with the use of unit fuel injectors; Hamilton retained his position as President. At this time, industrial depression had combined with road and air competition to undermine railway-passenger business, and Ralph Budd, President of the Chicago, Burlington \& Quincy Railroad, thought that traffic could be recovered by way of high-speed, luxury motor trains; hence the Pioneer Zephyr was built for the Burlington. This comprised a 600 hp (450 kW), lightweight, two-stroke, diesel engine developed by General Motors (model 201 A), with electric transmission, that powered a streamlined train of three articulated coaches. This train demonstrated its powers on 26 May 1934 by running non-stop from Denver to Chicago, a distance of 1,015 miles (1,635 km), in 13 hours and 6 minutes, when the fastest steam schedule was 26 hours. Hamilton and Budd were among those on board the train, and it ushered in an era of high-speed diesel trains in the USA. By then Hamilton, with General Motors backing, was planning to use the lightweight engine to power diesel-electric locomotives. Their layout was derived not from steam locomotives, but from the standard American boxcar. The power plant was mounted within the body and powered the bogies, and driver's cabs were at each end. Two 900 hp (670 kW) engines were mounted in a single car to become an 1,800 hp (l,340 kW) locomotive, which could be operated in multiple by a single driver to form a 3,600 hp (2,680 kW) locomotive. To keep costs down, standard locomotives could be mass-produced rather than needing individual designs for each railway, as with steam locomotives. Two units of this type were completed in 1935 and sent on trial throughout much of the USA. They were able to match steam locomotive performance, with considerable economies: fuel costs alone were halved and there was much less wear on the track. In the same year, Electro-Motive began manufacturing diesel-electrie locomotives at La Grange, Illinois, with design modifications: the driver was placed high up above a projecting nose, which improved visibility and provided protection in the event of collision on unguarded level crossings; six-wheeled bogies were introduced, to reduce axle loading and improve stability. The first production passenger locomotives emerged from La Grange in 1937, and by early 1939 seventy units were in service. Meanwhile, improved engines had been developed and were being made at La Grange, and late in 1939 a prototype, four-unit, 5,400 hp (4,000 kW) diesel-electric locomotive for freight trains was produced and sent out on test from coast to coast; production versions appeared late in 1940. After an interval from 1941 to 1943, when Electro-Motive produced diesel engines for military and naval use, locomotive production resumed in quantity in 1944, and within a few years diesel power replaced steam on most railways in the USA.

Hal Hamilton remained President of Electro-Motive Corporation until 1942, when it became a division of General Motors, of which he became Vice-President.

[br]

Further Reading

P.M.Reck, 1948, On Time: The History of the Electro-Motive Division of General Motors Corporation, La Grange, Ill.: General Motors (describes Hamilton's career).

PJGR

Biographical history of technology > Hamilton, Harold Lee (Hal)
10 Ricardo, Sir Harry Ralph

SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace, Steam and internal combustion engines

[br]

b. 26 January 1885 London, England

d. 18 May 1974 Graffham, Sussex, England

[br]

English mechanical engineer; researcher, designer and developer of internal combustion engines.

[br]

Harry Ricardo was the eldest child and only son of Halsey Ricardo (architect) and Catherine Rendel (daughter of Alexander Rendel, senior partner in the firm of consulting civil engineers that later became Rendel, Palmer and Tritton). He was educated at Rugby School and at Cambridge. While still at school, he designed and made a steam engine to drive his bicycle, and by the time he went up to Cambridge in 1903 he was a skilled craftsman. At Cambridge, he made a motor cycle powered by a petrol engine of his own design, and with this he won a fuel-consumption competition by covering almost 40 miles (64 km) on a quart (1.14 1) of petrol. This brought him to the attention of Professor Bertram Hopkinson, who invited him to help with research on turbulence and pre-ignition in internal combustion engines. After leaving Cambridge in 1907, he joined his grandfather's firm and became head of the design department for mechanical equipment used in civil engineering. In 1916 he was asked to help with the problem of loading tanks on to railway trucks. He was then given the task of designing and organizing the manufacture of engines for tanks, and the success of this enterprise encouraged him to set up his own establishment at Shoreham, devoted to research on, and design and development of, internal combustion engines.

Leading on from the work with Hopkinson were his discoveries on the suppression of detonation in spark-ignition engines. He noted that the current paraffinic fuels were more prone to detonation than the aromatics, which were being discarded as they did not comply with the existing specifications because of their high specific gravity. He introduced the concepts of "highest useful compression ratio" (HUCR) and "toluene number" for fuel samples burned in a special variable compression-ratio engine. The toluene number was the proportion of toluene in heptane that gave the same HUCR as the fuel sample. Later, toluene was superseded by iso-octane to give the now familiar octane rating. He went on to improve the combustion in side-valve engines by increasing turbulence, shortening the flame path and minimizing the clearance between piston and head by concentrating the combustion space over the valves. By these means, the compression ratio could be increased to that used by overhead-valve engines before detonation intervened. The very hot poppet valve restricted the advancement of all internal combustion engines, so he turned his attention to eliminating it by use of the single sleeve-valve, this being developed with support from the Air Ministry. By the end of the Second World War some 130,000 such aero-engines had been built by Bristol, Napier and Rolls-Royce before the piston aero-engine was superseded by the gas turbine of Whittle. He even contributed to the success of the latter by developing a fuel control system for it.

Concurrent with this was work on the diesel engine. He designed and developed the engine that halved the fuel consumption of London buses. He invented and perfected the "Comet" series of combustion chambers for diesel engines, and the Company was consulted by the vast majority of international internal combustion engine manufacturers. He published and lectured widely and fully deserved his many honours; he was elected FRS in 1929, was President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1944–5 and was knighted in 1948. This shy and modest, though very determined man was highly regarded by all who came into contact with him. It was said that research into internal combustion engines, his family and boats constituted all that he would wish from life.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Knighted 1948. FRS 1929. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1944–5.

Bibliography

1968, Memo \& Machines. The Pattern of My Life, London: Constable.

Further Reading

Sir William Hawthorne, 1976, "Harry Ralph Ricardo", Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 22.

JB

Biographical history of technology > Ricardo, Sir Harry Ralph
11 Siemens, Sir Charles William

SUBJECT AREA: Electricity, Metallurgy, Public utilities, Telecommunications

[br]

b. 4 April 1823 Lenthe, Germany

d. 19 November 1883 London, England

[br]

German/British metallurgist and inventory pioneer of the regenerative principle and open-hearth steelmaking.

[br]

Born Carl Wilhelm, he attended craft schools in Lübeck and Magdeburg, followed by an intensive course in natural science at Göttingen as a pupil of Weber. At the age of 19 Siemens travelled to England and sold an electroplating process developed by his brother Werner Siemens to Richard Elkington, who was already established in the plating business. From 1843 to 1844 he obtained practical experience in the Magdeburg works of Count Stolburg. He settled in England in 1844 and later assumed British nationality, but maintained close contact with his brother Werner, who in 1847 had co-founded the firm Siemens \& Halske in Berlin to manufacture telegraphic equipment. William began to develop his regenerative principle of waste-heat recovery and in 1856 his brother Frederick (1826–1904) took out a British patent for heat regeneration, by which hot waste gases were passed through a honeycomb of fire-bricks. When they became hot, the gases were switched to a second mass of fire-bricks and incoming air and fuel gas were led through the hot bricks. By alternating the two gas flows, high temperatures could be reached and considerable fuel economies achieved. By 1861 the two brothers had incorporated producer gas fuel, made by gasifying low-grade coal.

Heat regeneration was first applied in ironmaking by Cowper in 1857 for heating the air blast in blast furnaces. The first regenerative furnace was set up in Birmingham in 1860 for glassmaking. The first such furnace for making steel was developed in France by Pierre Martin and his father, Emile, in 1863. Siemens found British steelmakers reluctant to adopt the principle so in 1866 he rented a small works in Birmingham to develop his open-hearth steelmaking furnace, which he patented the following year. The process gradually made headway; as well as achieving high temperatures and saving fuel, it was slower than Bessemer's process, permitting greater control over the content of the steel. By 1900 the tonnage of open-hearth steel exceeded that produced by the Bessemer process.

In 1872 Siemens played a major part in founding the Society of Telegraph Engineers (from which the Institution of Electrical Engineers evolved), serving as its first President. He became President for the second time in 1878. He built a cable works at Charlton, London, where the cable could be loaded directly into the holds of ships moored on the Thames. In 1873, together with William Froude, a British shipbuilder, he designed the Faraday, the first specialized vessel for Atlantic cable laying. The successful laying of a cable from Europe to the United States was completed in 1875, and a further five transatlantic cables were laid by the Faraday over the following decade.

The Siemens factory in Charlton also supplied equipment for some of the earliest electric-lighting installations in London, including the British Museum in 1879 and the Savoy Theatre in 1882, the first theatre in Britain to be fully illuminated by electricity. The pioneer electric-tramway system of 1883 at Portrush, Northern Ireland, was an opportunity for the Siemens company to demonstrate its equipment.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Knighted 1883. FRS 1862. Institution of Civil Engineers Telford Medal 1853. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1872. President, Society of Telegraph Engineers 1872 and 1878. President, British Association 1882.

Bibliography

27 May 1879, British patent no. 2,110 (electricarc furnace).

1889, The Scientific Works of C.William Siemens, ed. E.F.Bamber, 3 vols, London.

Further Reading

W.Poles, 1888, Life of Sir William Siemens, London; repub. 1986 (compiled from material supplied by the family).

S.von Weiher, 1972–3, "The Siemens brothers. Pioneers of the electrical age in Europe", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 45:1–11 (a short, authoritative biography). S.von Weihr and H.Goetler, 1983, The Siemens Company. Its Historical Role in the

Progress of Electrical Engineering 1847–1980, English edn, Berlin (a scholarly account with emphasis on technology).

GW

Biographical history of technology > Siemens, Sir Charles William
12 flow

1. течение; истечение; поток; обтекание/ течь; протекать

2. расход <жидкости, газа>

3. ход; процесс

flow along a corner

flow in chemical equilibrium

flow of momentum

adiabatic flow

afterburner fuel flow

afterburner main fuel flow

afterburner pilot fuel flow

air injection mass flow

airfoil flow

arrival flow

attached flow

axisymmetric flow

axisymmetrical flow

backward-facing step flow

baroclinic flow

barotropic flow

base flow

blade flow

Blasius flow

bleed flow

blood flow

body-glove flow

boundary layer flow

bypass flow

cavitation flow

cavity flow

channel flow

chemically reacting flow

choked flow

Coanda flow

combusting flow

compressible flow

conical flow

conically symmetric flow

continuum fluid flow

core flow

Couette flow

cross flow

curved flow

data flow

dissociated flow

divergent flow

engine fuel flow

entrained flow

entrainment induced flow

entrance flow

equilibrium flow

exhaust flow

forebody flow

fountain flow

free molecular flow

frozen flow

fuel flow

fully attached flow

fully detached flow

fully developed turbulent flow

ground idle fuel flow

heat flow

high-Reynolds number flow

high-Reynolds-number flow

high-speed flow

hot flow

hypersonic flow

ideal thrust mass flow

idle fuel flow

inboard flow

incompressible flow

inlet flow

inlet mass flow

intake flow

intermittent flow

inviscid flow

irrotational flow

isentropic flow

isothermal flow

jet flow

laminar flow

leading-edge flow

lift-producing flow

low-energy flow

low-speed flow

low-temperature flow

lower-surface flow

main burner fuel flow

main engine fuel flow

mass flow

mean flow

melt flow

mixed flow

multiphase flow

multishocked flow

near-critical flow

near-wake flow

near-wall flow

nearly choked flow

Newtonian flow

nonisentropic flow

nonequilibrium flow

nozzle flow

nozzle mass flow

one-dimensional flow

one-phase flow

optical flow

oscillatory flow

over-the-wing flow

particle-laden flow

passenger flow

perturbed flow

Poiseuille flow

potential flow

primary flow

protuberance-induced flow

rarefied flow

recirculating flow

recirculation flow

reversal flow

reverse flow

reverser mass flow

root flow

rotating flow

rotational flow

rotor flow

secondary flow

separated flow

separating flow

separation flow

separation-induced flow

shear flow

shock interference flow

shocked flow

sinusoidally perturbed flow

slip flow

spanwise flow

spiral flow

stable flow

steady flow

subcritical flow

subcritical mass flow

subsonic flow

suction flow

suction mass flow

sudden expansion flow

supercritical flow

supersonic flow

swirling flow

tailplane flow

three-dimensional flow

tip flow

traffic flow

tranquil flow

transient flow

transitional flow

transonic flow

turbulent flow

two-dimensional flow

two-phase flow

unblown flow

unconfined flow

uniform flow

unsteady flow

up-wash flow

viscous flow

viscous-dominated flow

vortex flow

vortex-dominated flow

vortex-free flow

vortex-like flow

vortex-type flow

vortical flow

wake-like flow

wall-bounded flow

wing flow

zero-lift flow

Авиасловарь > flow
13 engine

двигатель; мотор; машина

bank into the dead engine — накреняться в сторону неработающего двигателя

bring the engine up to full power — выводить двигатель на режим полной тяги

buzz up an engine — жарг. запускать двигатель

clean the engine — прогазовывать [прочищать] двигатель (кратковременной даней газа)

close down the engine — полностью убирать газ

continuous flow gas turbine engine — двигатель с осевым компрессором

engine engine in military — двигатель на боевом режиме

engine of bypass ratio 10: 1 — двигатель с коэффициентом [степенью] двухконтурности 10:1

equivalent engine in parts — комплект деталей для одного двигателя

flight discarded jet engine — реактивный двигатель, отработавший лётный ресурс

fluorine(-propel lant rocket) engine — ЖРД на жидком фторе

kick the engine over — разг. запускать двигатель

knock out the engine — выводить двигатель из строя

liquid-hydrogen(-fueled) rocket engine — водородный ЖРД

lunar module ascent engine — подъёмный двигатель лунного модуля [отсека]

monofuel rocket engine — ЖРД на однокомпонентном [унитарном] топливе

multibarreled rocket engine — многокамерный ЖРД

open the engine up — давать газ, увеличивать тягу или мощность двигателя

prepackaged liquid propellant engine — ЖРД на топливе длительного хранения; заранее снаряжаемый ЖРД

production(-standard, -type) engine — серийный двигатель, двигатель серийного образца [типа]

pull the engine out of afterburner — выключать форсаж

rear fuselage (mounted) engine — двигатель в хвостовой части фюзеляжа

return and landing engine — ксм. двигатель для возвращения и посадки

reversed rocket engine — тормозной ракетный двигатель; ксм. тормозная двигательная установка

run up the engine — опробовать [«гонять»] двигатель

secure the engine — выключать [останавливать, глушить] двигатель

shut down the engine — выключать [останавливать, глушить] двигатель

shut off the engine — выключать [останавливать, глушить] двигатель

solid(-fuel, -grain) rocket engine — ракетный двигатель твёрдого топлива

stability guidance jet engine — двигатель реактивной системы стабилизации и управления

throttle back the engine — (за)дросселировать двигатель

turn the engine over — проворачивать [прокручивать] двигатель [вал двигателя]

twin-spool compressor turbojet engine — ТРД с двухкаскадным компрессором

two-thrust chamber rocket engine — двухкамерный ЖРД

with one engine cut — с одним неработающим двигателем

with one engine out — с одним неработающим двигателем

with the engine running — с работающим двигателем

with two engines lost — при двух отказавших двигателях

— ablation-protected engine

— ablative engine

— abort engine

— accelerating rocket engine

— acid-cooled rocket engine

— actual engine

— adjustable-thrust rocket engine

— aerojet engine

— aeropulse engine

— aerothermodynamic integration engine

— afterburning engine

— aft-fan engine

— ailing engine

— air engine

— airborne rocket engine

— air-breathing engine

— air-burning engine

— air-collection engine

— air-feed engine

— air-jet engine

— airline engine

— airplane engine

— airstream engine

— alcohol engine

— all-attitude engine

— all-fuel engine

— ancillary engine

— annihilation rocket engine

— antispin rocket engine

— apogee engine

— arcjet engine

— arresting engine

— ascent engine

— assist-climb rocket engine

— assisted takeoff engine

— atmospheric jet engine

— attitude-control engine

— augmented turbofan engine

— auxiliary rocket engine

— axial engine

— axial-centrifugal-flow engine

— axial-flow engine

— bare engine

— barrel engine

— basic engine

— below-wing engine

— bench engine

— bifuel rocket engine

— bipropellant rocket engine

— bleedoff rocket engine

— block-cast engine

— booster engine

— bottom engine

— brake engine

— braking engine

— buried engine

— burned engine

— bypass engine

— calibrated engine

— calibrated-thrust engine

— capacitative-cooled engine

— capsular engine

— carburetted engine

— carburettor engine

— center engine

— centrifugal-flow engine

— ceramic-coated engine

— cesium-ion engine

— chemical fuel engine

— chemical-ignition engine

— cigarette-burning rocket engine

— clear the engine

— closed-cycle engine

— clustered engine

— coaxial plasma engine

— cold engine

— cold-jet engine

— cold-reaction engine

— combustion engine

— composite engine

— compound engine

— compressorless engine

— conk-out engine

— constant-duty engine

— constant-speed engine

— constant-thrust engine

— control engine

— controllable-thrust engine

— cooled engine

— core engine

— coupled engines

— cowled engine

— critical engine

— cruise engine

— cruising engine

— cryogenic engine

— cut the engine

— dead engine

— deflected-thrust engine

— demonstrator engine

— deorbit engine

— descent engine

— development engine

— direct-drive engine

— direct-injection engine

— direct-lift engine

— disintegrating engine

— diverted-jet engine

— docking engine

— double-flow engine

— double-nozzled engine

— double-row engine

— double-unit engine

— down-rated engine

— downwind engine

— driving engine

— droppable engine

— dry engine

— dry-fuel rocket engine

— dry-sump engine

— dual function engine

— dual-chamber rocket engine

— dual-flow engine

— dual-thrust rocket engine

— ducted rocket engine

— ducted-fan engine

— duplex engine

— earth-satellite engine

— ejection-seat rocket engine

— ejector-seat rocket engine

— electrical rocket engine

— electric-ignition engine

— electromagnetic jet engine

— electrostatic rocket engine

— electrothermal jet engine

— end-burning rocket engine

— engine got sick

— engine out

— environmental engine

— escape rocket engine

— evaporative-cooled engine

— expendable engine

— expended engine

— explosive engine

— external engine

— external-burning engine

— failed engine

— fan engine

— fan-afterburner engine

— fan-burning jet engine

— fast-response rocket engine

— feathered engine

— film-cooled engine

— final-stage rocket engine

— finite-thrust engine

— finned-rocket engine

— first-stage engine

— fixed-geometry engine

— flame-ignition rocket engine

— flameout engine

— flat engine

— flat-rated engine

— flat-rating engine

— flight-cleared engine

— flight-qualified engine

— flight-type engine

— flightworthy engine

— flyable engine

— forced-induction engine

— forward-facing rocket engine

— forward-firing rocket engine

— forward-thrust jet engine

— four-chamber engine

— four-stroke engine

— free-turbine engine

— front-fan engine

— fuel-optimal engine

— full-scale engine

— full-sized engine

— fuselage-mounted engine

— gas-generator engine

— gasoline engine

— gas-pressurized rocket engine

— gas-turbine engine

— geared engine

— gearless engine

— good engine

— gun an engine

— healthy engine

— heat engine

— heat-sponge engine

— helicopter engine

— helium-injection engine

— high-bypass ratio engine

— high-compression-ratio engine

— higher-powered engine

— highly developed engine

— high-performance engine

— high-power engine

— high-pressure engine

— high-speed engine

— high-thrust engine

— high-time engine

— honeycomb engine

— horizontal-mounted engine

— hot engine

— hot peroxide engine

— hot-reaction rocket engine

— hybrid engine

— hybrid-propellant engine

— hydrazine engine

— hydrogen-burning engine

— hydrogen-electrothermal engine

— hydrogen-fluorine engine

— hydrogen-oxygen engine

— hydrogen-peroxide engine

— hydrojet engine

— hypergolic engine

— hypersonic engine

— hypothetical engine

— ideal-cycle engine

— idling engine

— ignite the engine

— impulse-duct engine

— impulse-rocket engine

— inboard engine

— inhibited engine

— injected engine

— in-line engine

— inoperative engine

— installed engine

— intermittent-cycle engine

— intermittent-detonation engine

— internal engine

— internal-combustion engine

— interplanetary engine

— inverted vee engine

— ionic engine

— ionospheric ramjet engine

— isentropic engine

— jato engine

— jet attitude engine

— jet-propulsion engine

— jet transport engine

— jet-control engine

— jet-lift engine

— jettison engine

— jumbo engine

— kerosene-burning engine

— kerosene-fueled engine

— kick engine

— kill the engine

— lander engine

— lateral-burning rocket engine

— launch vehicle engine

— launching rocket engine

— left-handed engine

— lift jet engine

— lift/propulsion engine

— lift/thrust engine

— lift-cruise engine

— liftoff engine

— lightweight engine

— limited-life engine

— limited-thrust engine

— liquid-air engine

— liquid-chemical rocket engine

— liquid-cooled engine

— liquid-fuelrocket engine

— liquid-oxygen rocket engine

— liquid-propellant rocket engine

— liquid-solid rocket engine

— liquid-sustainer engine

— live engine

— long-burning engine

— long-duration engine

— long-life engine

— long-period engine

— long-stroke engine

— low-altitude engine

— low-consumption engine

— lower-powered engine

— low-mounted engine

— low-noise-level engine

— low-performance engine

— low-pressure engine

— low-thrust engine

— lox/liquid hydrogen engine

— lunar engine

— lunar module engine

— lunar rover engine

— lunar-descent engine

— lunar-takeoff engine

— magnetic-pinch plasma engine

— magnetogasdynamie engine

— magnetohydrodynamic engine

— main engine

— main propulsion engine

— malfunctioning engine

— maneuvering engine

— master engine

— matched engine

— microrocket engine

— midcourse correction engine

— middle engine

— military engine

— missile engine

— modular engine

— monopropellant rocket engine

— monopropellant-plus-fuel engine

— movable engine

— multibank engine

— multichamber rocket engine

— multifuel engine

— multilift engines

— multiple engine

— multiple-beam ion engine

— multiple-chamber rocket engine

— multiple-nozzle engine

— multirow engine

— multi-unit rocket engine

— nacelle-mounted engine

— nameplate engine

— nonafterburning engine

— noncryogenic engine

— nonexpendable engine

— nonregenerative engine

— non-supercharged engine

— nonthrottleable engine

— nonthrust rocket engine

— nuclear-electric engine

— nuclear-fission engine

— one-flow engine

— one-shaft engine

— one-shot engine

— one-spool engine

— open-cycle engine

— operational engine

— opposed-cylinder engine

— opposed-piston engine

— orbital module engine

— orbiter engine

— orbiting ramjet engine

— ordnance turbojet engine

— orienting-thrust engine

— outboard engine

— outer engine

— outer-space engine

— overcooled engine

— oversized engine

— oxidizer-cooled rocket engine

— paired engine

— paper engine

— parallel booster engines

— peroxide engine

— petrol engine

— photon engine

— pickle an engine

— pilot engine

— piston-driven engine

— pitch-control jet engine

— pivoted engine

— plasma engine

— plasmajet engine

— plenum-chamber-burning engine

— plug-in engine

— plug-nozzle engine

— podded engine

— pod-mounted engine

— porous-cooled engine

— powder rocket engine

— powerful engine

— power-limited engine

— preproduction engine

— pressure-feed engine

— propellant-cooled engine

— propulsion engine

— propulsive jet engine

— pulse reaction engine

— pulsejet engine

— pump-fed rocket engine

— pure lift engine

— pylon-mounted engine

— quadruple-chamber rocket engine

— quantum engine

— quiet engine

— race the engine

— radial engine

— radioisotope engine

— ramjet engine

— rato engine

— RCS engine

— reaction propulsion engine

— real engine

— reciprocating engine

— recombination ramjet engine

— refractory-liner rocket engine

— regenerative engine

— regeneratively-cooled engine

— reheated engine

— relight the engine

— rematched engine

— remotely-controlled engine

— replace the engine

— replacement engine

— research engine

— resonant jet engine

— restartable engine

— restricted-burning rocket engine

— retarding rocket engine

— retractable engine

— retrofire rocket engine

— retrograde rocket engine

— retrorocket engine

— retrothrust engine

— return engine

— reusable engine

— reversed engine

— reverse-thrust rocket engine

— right-handed engine

— ring engine

— rocket engine

— rocket-ramjet engine

— roll-control jet engine

— rotary engine

— rotatable-nozzles engine

— rough-running engine

— rubber engine

— run down engine

— running engine

— satellite-like engine

— scaled-down engine

— scaled-up engine

— sealed rocket engine

— sea-level engine

— secondary engine

— second-stage engine

— segmented-rocket engine

— selfcontained-rocket engine

— separable engine

— separation engine

— series-produced engine

— service engine

— service propulsion engine

— shaft-turbine engine

— short-burning engine

— short-duration engine

— short-life engine

— short-period engine

— short-stroke engine

— shut-down engine

— shuttle engine

— side engine

— side-burning rocket engine

— simulated failed engine

— single-barrelled rocket engine

— single-chamber rocket engine

— single-nozzle engine

— single-row engine

— single-shaft engine

— single-shot engine

— single-start engine

— sleeve-valve engine

— smoke-free engine

— smokeless engine

— smoky engine

— solar engine

— solid sustainer engine

— solid-liquid rocket engine

— solid-propellant boost engine

— solid-propellant rocket engine

— space engine

— space shuttle engine

— space vehicle engine

— spaceborne engine

— spacecraft engine

— spare engine

— spark-ignition engine

— spindown engine

— spinup engine

— split-compressor engine

— stage engine

— stage-one engine

— start the engine

— starting engine

— station-keeping engine

— steam-burning rocket engine

— steerable rocket engine

— steering engine

— stopcock the engine

— storable liquid-propellant engine

— straight-jet engine

— strap-on engine

— study engine

— submerged engine

— subscale engine

— subsonic jet engine

— supercharged engine

— supercompression engine

— superperformance engine

— supersonic combustion engine

— supersonic jet engine

— supplementary engine

— surge-free engine

— sustainer engine

— sustaining engine

— sweat-cooled engine

— swiveling engine

— swiveling-nozzle engine

— symmetrically opposite engine

— tail-mounted engine

— takeoff rocket engine

— tandem boost engine

— test engine

— testbed engine

— thermal-jet engine

— thermionic engine

— thermochemical rocket engine

— thermojet engine

— thermonuclear rocket engine

— three-barreled engine

— three-chambered engine

— three-shaft engine

— three-spool engine

— throttleable engine

— throttled back engine

— thrust engine

— tiltable engine

— tilting engine

— tiny engine

— tip engine

— trajectory-correction engine

— transonic engine

— transpiration-cooled rocket engine

— transtage engine

— traveling-wave plasma engine

— tri-chamber engine

— trim rocket engine

— triple-barreled engine

— triple-chamber engine

— turbine engine

— turboelectric engine

— turbofan engine

— turbofanramjet engine

— turbofed engine

— turbojet engine

— turboprop engine

— turbopump rocket engine

— turboram rocket engine

— turboramjet engine

— turborocket engine

— turbosupercharged engine

— twin-combustion-chamber engine

— twin-shaft engine

— two-chamber engine

— two-dimensional-ion engine

— two-propellants rocket engine

— two-row engine

— two-segment engine

— two-shaft engine

— two-spool engine

— uncooled rocket engine

— underslung engine

— underwing engine

— unreheated engine

— unrestricted-burning rocket engine

— unsegmented engine

— unsilenced engine

— unsupercharged engine

— upper-stage engine

— uprated engine

— upwind engine

— V/STOL engine

— valveless engine

— vapor-cycle-cooled engine

— vaporization-cooled engine

— variable-geometry engine

— variable-thrust engine

— vectorable engine

— vectored-thrust engine

— vee engine

— vernier engine

— vertical lift engine

— vertical-mounted engine

— vibration-free engine

— Wankel engine

— warmed engine

— water-cooled engine

— water-injection engine

— wet-sump engine

— widely-throttleable engine

— wing pod engine

— wing-mounted engine

— wing-root-buried engine

— wingtip-mounted engine

— wlndmllling engine

— wraparound boost engine

— zero-stage engine

Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > engine
14 ratio

1) отношение; соотношение; пропорция

2) коэффициент; степень; кратность

3) передаточное отношение

4) передаточное число

5) матем. частное

•

-
4:1:1 ratio
-
abundance ratio
-
activity ratio
-
adjacent-channel protection ratio
-
advance ratio
-
air/oil ratio
-
air-fuel ratio
-
alumina ratio
-
amplitude ratio
-
anamorphic ratio
-
anode-to-cathode ratio
-
aperture ratio
-
apparent slip ratio
-
aspect ratio
-
atomic ratio
-
attenuation ratio
-
augmentation ratio
-
availability ratio
-
axial ratio
-
axle ratio
-
balance ratio
-
balanced steel ratio
-
beam aspect ratio
-
beam-depth ratio
-
beam-draft ratio
-
bearing ratio
-
best power mixture ratio
-
blade aspect ratio
-
blade-area ratio
-
blending ratio
-
blip-scan ratio
-
blocking-to-forward resistance ratio
-
blowup ratio
-
boilup-feed ratio
-
boost pressure ratio
-
boosting ratio
-
boss-diameter ratio
-
boss ratio
-
braking ratio
-
breeding ratio
-
brush coverage ratio
-
burnout ratio
-
by-pass ratio
-
C/B ratio
-
cancellation ratio
-
capacity/deadweight ratio
-
capture ratio
-
carbon ratio
-
carrier-to-interference ratio
-
carrier-to-noise ratio
-
cascade pitch-chord ratio
-
catalyst-oil ratio
-
catalyst ratio
-
cement-aggregate ratio
-
cetane ratio
-
charge ratio
-
charge-to-mass ratio
-
circulation ratio
-
coal-to-coke replacement ratio
-
coherence ratio
-
common ratio
-
common-mode rejection ratio
-
compression ratio
-
contact ratio
-
continuous casting ratio
-
contrast ratio
-
control ratio
-
convergence ratio
-
conversion ratio
-
copper-to-superconductor ratio
-
correlation ratio
-
cost/performance ratio
-
critical power ratio
-
cross-ratio
-
crown diameter ratio
-
cumulative fatigue ratio
-
current instability ratio
-
current ratio
-
current transfer ratio
-
current unbalance ratio
-
cutoff ratio
-
damping ratio
-
deadweight-displacement ratio
-
deadweight ratio
-
defective ratio
-
defect ratio
-
delivery ratio
-
dependability ratio
-
desired-to-undesired signal ratio
-
developed blade-area ratio
-
deviation ratio
-
disk-area ratio
-
distortion ratio
-
disturbance ratio
-
disturb ratio
-
double ratio
-
downtime ratio
-
drafting ratio
-
drop-off-to-pickup ratio
-
drowning ratio
-
dryout ratio
-
duty ratio
-
effective pitch ratio
-
effective slip ratio
-
electric/heat output ratio
-
elongation ratio
-
empty run ratio
-
empty weight-to-carrying capacity ratio
-
energy-to-volume ratio
-
energy-to-weight ratio
-
engine displacement to horsepower ratio
-
engine pressure ratio
-
enhancement ratio
-
error ratio
-
escape ratio
-
excess noise ratio
-
excitation response ratio
-
extraction ratio
-
extrusion ratio
-
false alarm ratio
-
fat-to-lean ratio
-
field-forcing ratio
-
filter open area ratio
-
flow ratio of mold
-
flowing fluid ratio
-
focal ratio
-
frame aspect ratio
-
freeboard ratio
-
free-fluid ratio
-
frequency multiplication ratio
-
frequency ratio
-
friction ratio
-
front-to-back ratio
-
fuel ratio
-
fuel-air equivalence ratio
-
fuel-air ratio
-
fuel-oil consumption ratio
-
gas ratio
-
gas recovery ratio
-
gas-condensate ratio
-
gas-oil ratio
-
gasoline-oil consumption ratio
-
gas-water ratio
-
geometric pitch ratio
-
grain-to-air mass ratio
-
gross-to-net ratio
-
harmonic ratio
-
heat sharing ratio
-
hit ratio
-
hub-diameter ratio
-
hub ratio
-
humidity ratio
-
hydrogen carbon ratio
-
idle mixture ratio
-
image ratio
-
image signal-to-noise ratio
-
image-frequency rejection ratio
-
image rejection ratio
-
input-to-output frequency ratio
-
intensifier ratio
-
interference-to-noise ratio
-
internal breeding ratio
-
inversion level ratio
-
inversion ratio
-
ionization ratio
-
irregularity ratio
-
isolation ratio
-
jamming-to-signal ratio
-
jam-to-signal ratio
-
lay ratio
-
length-beam ratio
-
length-depth ratio
-
length-draft ratio
-
lift/drag ratio
-
light output ratio
-
likelihood ratio
-
limiting drawing ratio
-
line-interlace ratio
-
liquor ratio
-
load ratio
-
locked rotor current ratio
-
luminance ratio
-
magnetoresistive ratio
-
main-beam-to-sidelobe ratio
-
mark-to-space ratio
-
mark-space ratio
-
meander ratio
-
melting-speed ratio
-
metal-restitution ratio
-
mismatch ratio
-
miss ratio
-
mixing ratio
-
mobility ratio
-
moderating ratio
-
modular ratio
-
molar ratio
-
mold ratio
-
negative sequence current ratio
-
negative sequence voltage ratio
-
noise-power ratio
-
noise-to-signal ratio
-
notch yield ratio
-
notched-unnotched tensile strength ratio
-
n-ratio
-
nutritive ratio
-
offset ratio
-
oil-steam ratio
-
one-to-zero ratio
-
on-off ratio
-
operating ratio
-
output voltage ratio
-
output-input ratio
-
overall combined feed ratio
-
overall gear ratio
-
overburden ratio
-
overvoltage ratio
-
partition ratio
-
peak ratio
-
peak-to-average ratio
-
penetration shape ratio
-
pin-to-gate ratio
-
pitch damping ratio
-
pitch ratio
-
pitch-diameter ratio
-
pluviometric ratio
-
Poisson's ratio
-
power amplification ratio
-
power-loss ratio
-
precipitation-evaporation ratio
-
press ratio
-
pressure-viscosity ratio
-
processing ratio
-
producing water-oil ratio
-
proof ultimate ratio
-
propagation ratio
-
propane-oil ratio
-
propeller solidity ratio
-
protection ratio
-
pulse-compression ratio
-
pulse-smoothing ratio
-
pulsing ratio
-
rated voltage ratio
-
ratio of break to reduction
-
ratio of enrichment
-
ratio of flow
-
ratio of foreshortening
-
ratio of similitude
-
ratio of slope
-
ratio of specific heats
-
reactance ratio
-
reactivity ratio
-
real slip ratio
-
recall ratio
-
recirculation ratio
-
recovery ratio
-
rectification ratio
-
recycle ratio
-
reduction ratio
-
reflux ratio
-
reflux-to-product ratio
-
reinforcement ratio
-
rejection ratio
-
reproduction ratio
-
reserve-buoyance ratio
-
resetting ratio
-
reset ratio
-
resolution ratio
-
retrace ratio
-
returning ratio
-
ripple ratio
-
roll damping ratio
-
ruffling ratio
-
runner ratio
-
scaling ratio
-
scrap-metal ratio
-
seasonal ratio
-
secondary-emission ratio
-
seizure ratio
-
serviceability ratio
-
setting ratio
-
shooting ratio
-
short-circuit ratio
-
shrinkage ratio
-
shutter-to-pulldown ratio
-
sidelobe ratio
-
signal-to-clutter ratio
-
signal-to-crosstalk ratio
-
signal-to-distortion ratio
-
signal-to-interference ratio
-
signal-to-jamming ratio
-
signal-to-jam ratio
-
signal-to-noise ratio
-
signal-to-quantization noise ratio
-
silica ratio
-
sinad ratio
-
size ratio
-
skin-to-brine ratio
-
skip-stitch ratio
-
slenderness ratio
-
slip ratio
-
slope ratio
-
solvent ratio
-
speed ratio
-
spreading ratio
-
spread-to-elongation ratio
-
squareness ratio
-
squeeze ratio
-
stall torque ratio
-
standing-wave ratio
-
starting current-to-rated current ratio
-
starting current ratio
-
starting torque-to-nominal torque ratio
-
static forward current transfer ratio
-
steel ratio
-
steering ratio
-
step-down ratio
-
step-up ratio
-
stock-catalyst ratio
-
stoichiometric ratio
-
storage ratio
-
strength-to-weigth ratio
-
stress ratio
-
stretch ratio
-
stripping ratio
-
sugar-acid ratio
-
suppression ratio
-
surface-to-volume ratio
-
swirl ratio
-
swirl-to-squish ratio
-
T/D ratio
-
tall gear ratio
-
tapping voltage ratio
-
target-to-clutter ratio
-
thermal conductivity ratio
-
thickness ratio
-
thickness-to-diameter ratio
-
throughput ratio
-
thrust-deduction ratio
-
torque-to-inertia ratio
-
torque-to-weight ratio
-
transfer ratio
-
transformation ratio
-
transient overvoltage ratio
-
transmission ratio
-
transport ratio
-
traveling-wave ratio
-
tree-area ratio
-
trigonometric ratio
-
trim ratio
-
true slip ratio
-
tuning ratio
-
turn-on ratio
-
turns ratio
-
unbalance ratio
-
unbalance reduction ratio
-
up-time ratio
-
useful-to-takeoff load ratio
-
utilization ratio
-
valve ratio
-
vapor volumetric flow ratio
-
vapor-liquid ratio
-
variance ratio
-
vertical retrace ratio
-
virtual pitch ratio
-
viscosity/density ratio
-
voids ratio
-
voltage instability ratio
-
voltage nonsinusoidality ratio
-
voltage ratio
-
voltage standing-wave ratio
-
voltage transfer ratio
-
voltage unbalance ratio
-
waste-to-ore ratio
-
water use ratio
-
water-oil ratio
-
water-to-cement ratio
-
wide-band ratio
-
wind-to-coke ratio
-
wing taper ratio
-
xanthate ratio
-
yield ratio
-
zero-sequence current ratio
-
zero-sequence voltage ratio
-
zoom ratio

Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > ratio
15 plate

1. пластина; плита

negative plate — отрицательная пластина

positive plate — положительная пластина

separating plate — разделительная плита

compression plate — упорная плита пресса

mash-filter plate — пластина майшфильтра

2. стереотип; гальваностереотип; стереотипировать; изготовлять гальваностереотип

plastic plate — пластмассовый стереотип

ribbed-back plate — ребристый стереотип

bent stereotype plate — круглый стереотип

plate clip — замок для крепления стереотипов

plate perfector — агрегат для отливки и отделки стереотипов

3. фотопластинка

plate holder — кассета для фотопластинок

nuclear-track) plate — ядерная фотопластинка

plate speed — светочувствительность фотопластинки

panchromatic plate — панхроматическая фотопластинка

plate magazine — кассета для стеклянных фотопластин

4. наносить гальваническое покрытие

flash plate — тонкий быстроосажденный слой покрытия

chrome plate buildup — наращивание хроматного покрытия

5. гравюра; эстамп; вкладная иллюстрация

engraved plate — гравюра

colour plate — цветная иллюстрация

double plate — распашная иллюстрация

plate dimension — формат иллюстрации

color plate — многокрасочная иллюстрация

6. экслибрис

to clean up plate

book plate — экслибрис

7. удалять краску с пробельных элементов формы

punched plate — перфорированная печатная форма

tin plate ink — краска для печатания на жести

wraparound plate — гибкая полноформатная форма

offset printing plate — офсетная печатная форма

plate bending jig — установка для загибки формы

8. вымывать неэкспонированные участки фотоформы

additive plate — печатная форма негативного копирования

adhesive mounted plate — печатная форма, закреплённая приклеиванием

offset plate de-coating — снятие покровного слоя с пробельных участков офсетной формы

9. алюминиевая офсетная формная пластина

microtiter plate — пластина микротитратора

plate lug — выступ аккумуляторный пластины

rectangular plate — прямоугольная пластина

strengthening plate — усиливающая пластина

upper tie plate — верхняя опорная пластина

10. алюминиевая офсетная печатная форма

aluminum printing plate

master plate receiving tray — стол для приемки бумажных форм

clean up plate — удалять краску с пробельных элементов формы

plate thickness — толщина пластины, толщина печатной формы

plate pin — штифт для крепления плоской металлической формы

lithographic press plate — офсетная тиражная печатная форма

11. алюминиевая формная пластина

clamped-edge plate — пластина с жестко заделанными кромками

plate processor — процессор для обработки формных пластин

flush filter-press plate — гладкая пластина фильтра-пресса

elastic-edge plate — пластина с упругозаделанными кромками

plate bending operation — загибка кромок формной пластины

12. алюминиевая печатная форма

amorphous selenium electrophotographic plate — пластина с аморфным селеновым электрофотослоем

anodized aluminum plate — оксидированная алюминиевая формная пластина

aqueous-developed plate — печатная форма, получаемая с использованием водного проявления

Autochrome plate — автохромная пластина

back plate — упор фальцевальной кассеты

backed plate — фотопластинка с противоореольным слоем

backing plate — кашировальная колодка

back-up plate — подложка для гальваностереотипа

baffle plate — отражательная плита

Ben Day plate — клише, в котором часть элементов изображения создана тангированием

plate production — изготовление печатных форм

clamping on plate — закрепление печатной фирмы

cyan plate — печатная форма для голубой краски

line printing plate — штриховая печатная форма

plate cracking — растрескивание офсетной формы

13. изогнутая стереотипная печатная форма

bimetal plate

plate registration — приводка печатной формы

plate registration — приводка печатной формы

plate reposition — перестановка печатной формы

process plate — форма для многокрасочной печати

total plate area — общая площадь печатной формы

14. биметаллическая формная пластина

anisotropic plate — анизотропная пластина

deflection plate — отражательная пластина

discharged plate — вывел формную пластину

earth bonding plate — пластина заземления

floor plate — металлическая плита настила

15. биметаллическая печатная форма

blank plate — пластина, подготовленная для гравирования

blocking plate — печатная форма для печатания на переплётных крышках

blue plate — печатная форма для голубой краски

bridge plate — направляющий мостик, направляющая пластина

buckle plate — кассета

cardboard plate — картонная сторонка

casein plate — формная пластина с казеиновым светочувствительным слоем

chalk plate — стальная пластина, покрытая мелом

chewed plate — клише с рваными штрихами и стравленными точками

chrome plate — хромированная печатная форма

chrome-coated magnezium wraparound plate — хромированная магниевая гибкая форма

coated plate — формная пластина с копировальным слоем

rubber letterpress plate — каучуковая форма высокой печати

plate tightening screw — винт для натяжения печатной формы

plate duplication — изготовление дубликатов печатной формы

plate conditioner — устройство для очистки печатной формы

anhydrous plate wash — безводный раствор для смывки формы

16. фототипная печатная форма

tubular plate press — машина для печатания с тонких форм

plate image length — длина изображения на печатной форме

plate gauge — прибор для измерения высоты печатной формы

plate curving unit — станок для изгибания печатной формы

lithographpress plate — офсетная тиражная печатная форма

17. фототипная вкладная иллюстрация

color plate

folded plate — сфальцованная иллюстрация

plate proof — пробный оттиск иллюстрации

double page plate — распашная иллюстрация

collotype plate — фототипная печатная форма

full-page plate — полосная вкладная иллюстрация

18. многокрасочная иллюстрация

19. клише для многокрасочной печати; цветоделённая печатная форма

color line plate — гальваностереотип, подлитый способом «колор лайн»

color process plate — цветоделённая форма для многокрасочной печати

color sensitive plate — сенсибилизированная фотопластинка

combination halftone-and-line plate — смешанная печатная форма, содержащая растровые и штриховые изображения

combination printing plate — смешанная печатная форма

computer output printed paper plate — бумажная печатная форма с выходными данными, полученными из ЭВМ

conversion plate — форма глубокой печати, изготовленная с офсетной фотоформы

copperized aluminum plate — омеднённая алюминиевая пластина

cover plate — форма для печатания на переплётных крышках

plate size — формат снимка

foil plate — форма из фольги

dished plate — вогнутая форма

plate curving — изгибание формы

plate rack — сушилка для посуды

20. круглый стереотип

round-pattern plate — круглая пластина

stereotype printing plate — стереотип

plate matter — газетные стереотипы

circular plate — круглая пластина

curved plate — круглый стереотип

21. изогнутая печатная форма

cutting plate — высекальный штамп

cyan plate — печатная форма для голубой краски

data plate — табличка основных параметров; фирменная табличка

dead plate — бракованная или отработанная печатная форма

deep-etch plate — офсетная печатная форма с углублёнными печатающими элементами, форма глубокого офсета

skeleton black plate — печатная форма для черной краски

screened printing plate — растрированная печатная форма

plate gage — прибор для измерения высоты печатной формы

offset plate making — изготовление форм офсетной печати

cyan printing plate — печатная форма для голубой краски

22. высекальный штамп

23. штемпель, штемпельная пластина, штемпельная форма

diffusion transfer plate — форма, полученная способом диффузионного переноса изображения

direct image plate — форма с прямым изображением ; печатная форма, полученная прямым копированием

plate theory — теория пластин

side plate — боковая пластина

copper plate — медная пластина

nail plate — ногтевая пластина

plane plate — плоская пластина

24. распашная иллюстрация; распашной вкладной лист

plate door — съемный лист

plate edge — кромка листа

waist plate — лист стенки

bulb plate — бимсовый лист

chord plate — поясной лист

25. форма для печатания распашной иллюстрации

dry-offset printing plate — форма для офсетной печати без увлажнения

duplicate plate — дубликат клише, форма-дубликат; вторичная печатная форма, стереотипная печатная форма, стереотип

electrophotographic plate — электрофотографическая пластина

electroplastic plate — гальваностереотип с пластмассовой заливкой

electrotype plate — гальваностереотип

printing plate — печатная форма

plate binding — ослабление формы

reverse plate — выворотная форма

skimming plate — спуск для шлака

creasing plate — рилевочная форма

26. форма, полученная гравированием

engraved printing plate — гравированная печатная форма

plate clamp — зажим печатной формы

plate image — изображение на форме

flat plate — плоская печатная форма

plate change — смена печатной формы

line plate — штриховая печатная форма

27. стапельный стол самонаклада

to shove a plate on the table — швырнуть тарелку на стол

plate marking table — стол для маркировки толстых листов

squeezer plate — стол прессовой формовочной машины

pouring plate — стол для обработки конфетных масс

feeder plate — толкатель самонаклада

28. подающая планка; толкатель самонаклада

female plate — матричный высекальный штамп

ferrotype plate — ферротипная пластина

film plate — печатная форма на плёнке

finished plate — законченная печатная форма

kick plate — металлическая планка на подступеньке трапа

register plate — планка механизма бокового равнения

shamrock plate — треугольная соединительная планка

tail edge plate clamp — задняя зажимная планка

front plate clamp — передняя зажимная планка

29. плоская печатная форма

blue printing plate — печатная форма для голубой краски

zinc wraparound plate — цинковая гибкая печатная форма

rubber plate molding — отливка резиновых печатных форм

wraparound relief plate — гибкая полноформатная форма

printing plate registration — приводка печатной формы

30. слабая печатная форма

paper plate — бумажная печатная форма

plate tail edge — задняя кромка формы

offset plate — офсетная печатная форма

plate cocking — перекос печатной формы

plate copy — копия, полученная с формы

31. слабый диапозитив или негатив

flat bed ink distribution plate — раскатная плита плоскопечатной машины

flexible plate — гибкая печатная форма

flexible letterpress printing plate — гибкая печатная форма высокой печати

flexible wraparound printing plate — гибкая печатная форма

flexo plate — флексографская печатная форма, форма флексографской печати

fold plate — кассета фальцевальной машины

meat grinder plate — решетка волчка или мясорубки

tectonic plate — тектоническая платформа или плита

32. кассета фальцевальной машины

plate folder — кассетная фальцевальная машина

pressure-jet jig plate — решето отсадочной машины

plate changing magazine — сменная пластиночная кассета

glass plate magazine — кассета для стеклянных фотопластин

33. сфальцованная иллюстрация

plate printing — печатание вкладных иллюстраций

34. неподвижный бортик, пластина для долевой загибки ткани

folding triangular plate — фальцворонка

ejection plate screw — винт съемной пластины

filter-press plate — пластина фильтра-пресса

magnesium plate — магниевая формная пластина

membrane-holding plate — мембранная пластина

microchannel plate — микроканальная пластина

35. рабочая пластина переднего упора

regulating plate — регулирующая пластина

scuff plate — предохранительная пластина

top tie plate — верхняя опорная пластина

body front plate — передняя панель кузова

lower tie plate — нижняя опорная пластина

36. передний упор

frosted plate — матовое стекло

fore plate — передний стол

breast plate — грудной упор

front cover plate — передняя крышка

front guide face plate — передний упор

plate lead edge — передняя кромка формы

37. полосная вкладная иллюстрация

38. вкладной лист, имеющий формат страницы

gang plate — форма с несколькими одинаковыми изображениями

gasket plate — прокладная пластина

gelatin relief plate — желатиновое клише

grained plate — зернёная формная пластина

grainless plate — незернёная формная пластина

gravure plate — форма глубокой печати

halftone plate — растровая печатная форма; растровое клише

halftone color plate — растровое клише для многокрасочной печати; растровая цветоделённая печатная форма

hand-engraved plate — форма глубокой печати, полученная ручным способом

hard edges plate — растровое клише, дающее более тёмное изображение по краям

hardened cutting plate — упрочнённая режущая часть

high speed exposable plate — формная пластина высокой светочувствительности

high speed projection plate — формная пластина высокой светочувствительности для проекционной съёмки

imaged plate — копия, экспонированная формная пластина

image receiving plate — пластина, воспринимающая изображение

ink plate — раскатная плита, красочная плита

intaglio plate — форма глубокой печати

key plate — печатная форма для чёрной краски

laminated plate — ламинированная формная пластина; тонкая листовая форма

letterpress printing plate — форма высокой печати

letterset zinc wraparound plate — гибкая цинковая форма высокой офсетной печати

line plate — штриховая печатная форма; штриховое клише

armature plate — лист сердечника якоря

garboard plate — лист шпунтового пояса

mantlet plate — противоосколочный лист

mantelet plate — противоосколочный лист

margin plate — крайний междудонный лист

39. форма плоской печати

twisting of plate — поворот печатной формы

plate clamping — закрепление печатной формы

plate embossing — коробление печатной формы

plate pressure — давление на печатную форму

plate life — тиражестойкость печатной формы

40. офсетная формная пластина

lithographic electrostatic printing plate — офсетная печатная форма, изготовленная электростатическим способом

lithograph press plate — офсетная тиражная печатная форма

lithographic printing plate — офсетная печатная форма

initially deflected plate — пластина с начальной погибью

polymetallic plate — полиметаллическая формная пластина

reusable plate — пластина многоразового использования

nose wrapper plate — пластина носовой части пера руля

multimetal plate — полиметаллическая формная пластина

41. магниевая формная пластина

image plate — пластина для изображений

battery plate — аккумуляторная пластина

deflecting plate — отклоняющая пластина

orthotropic plate — ортотропная пластина

master plate — шрифтоноситель на пластине

42. магниевая печатная форма

magnetic plate — печатная форма с металлической подложкой для крепления на магнитном формном цилиндре

embossing plate — форма для конгревного тиснения

rubber printing plate — резиновая печатная форма

plate bender — станок для изгибания печатных форм

subtractive plate — форма позитивного копирования

tri-metal plate — триметаллическая печатная форма

43. эталонная печатная форма

plate cleaner — раствор для очистки поверхности формы

printing plate pressure — давление на печатную форму

aluminum printing plate — алюминиевая печатная форма

colour process plate — цветоделенная печатная форма

plate restorer — восстановитель для офсетной формы

44. шрифтоноситель на пластине

master alphabet plate — шрифтоноситель на пластине

matrix plate — матрица

metal backed printing plate — печатная форма на металлической подложке или основе

metal litho plate — металлическая офсетная форма

metal support printing plate — печатная форма на металлической подложке или основе

microtextured plate — формная пластина с микротекстурированной поверхностью

minus plate — печатная форма, на которой печатающие элементы расположены ниже непечатающих

control plate — регулирующая пластина

grounding plate — пластина заземления

isotropic plate — изотропная пластина

tightening plate — стопорная пластина

plate shear — станок для разрезки пластин

45. полиметаллическая формная пластина

clamping plate — фиксирующая пластина

accumulator plate — аккумуляторная пластина

discharge plate — выводить формную пластину

intermediate plate — промежуточная пластина

mild steel plate — пластина из мягкой стали

46. полиметаллическая офсетная форма

multiple-subject plate — многосюжетная смонтированная печатная форма

plate lock-up — замок для крепления печатной формы

plate grippers — захваты для зажима печатной формы

plate clamp screw — винт для зажима печатной формы

photolitho plate — фотолитографская печатная форма

flexographic plate — флексографская печатная форма

47. выворотная форма

plate run length — тиражестойкость формы

planographic plate — форма плоской печати

plate clamp bar — планка для зажима формы

plate duplicate — дубликат печатной формы

plate making — изготовление печатных форм

48. формная пластина с негативным копировальным слоем

plate fuel assembly — пластинчатая ТВС

soft steel plate — пластина из мягкой стали

armature end plate — торцевая пластина якоря

plate punch — перфоратор для формных пластин

unstiffened plate — неподкрепленная пластина

49. печатная форма негативного копирования

nonplanar electrophotographic plate — неплоская электрофотографическая пластина

letterpress plate — форма высокой печати

plate bending — изгибание печатной формы

albumen plate — альбуминная печатная форма

moving the plate — смещение печатной формы

plate packing — прокладка под печатную форму

50. фотополимерная форма высокой печати типа «найлопринт»

nylon plate — найлоновая печатная форма

plate filling — забивание краской формы

rubber plate — резиновая печатная форма

code plate — кодированная печатная форма

plate paper — бумага для иллюстрационной печати

51. фотополимеризующаяся пластина типа «найлопринт»

offset-litho plate — форма плоской офсетной печати

offset-litho multimetal plate — полиметаллическая форма офсетной печати

offset paper plate — бумажная офсетная форма, офсетная форма на гидрофильной бумаге

offset plate — офсетная печатная форма

original plate — пробная печатная форма

outline plate — форма для печатания контура

overetched plate — растровое клише со стравленными светлыми участками

page plate — форма для печатания одной страницы

page-size plate — полосная вкладная иллюстрация

plate grain — зерно формной пластины

seed fuel plate — запальная пластина

stay plate — соединительная пластина

transfer plate — передающая пластина

aluminum plate — алюминиевая формная пластина

52. бумажная формная пластина

polished zinc plate — шлифованная цинковая пластина

fixed-edge plate — пластина с защемленными кромками

converter plate — размножающая (топливная) пластина

sterilizing plate — стерилизующая пластина фильтра

simply supported plate — свободно опертая пластина

53. бумажная печатная форма

paper lithographic plate — бумажная офсетная форма

pattern plate — оригинальная форма, предназначенная для матрицирования

peel-apart plate — пластина с отдельным слоем

perforated suction plate — вакуумная плита с отверстиями

photodirect plate — бумажная формная пластина с ортохроматическим покрытием на основе галоидного серебра

photoengraved relief printing plate — фотоцинкографская печатная форма

photographic plate — фотопластинка

photolithoprinting plate — фотолитографская печатная форма

photomechanical plate — репродукционная фотопластинка

cleaned up plate — удалил краску с пробельных элементов формы

54. фотополимерная пластина

infinitely long plate — пластина бесконечной длины

elasto-plastic plate — упругопластическая пластина

plate sensitizing — очувствление формной пластины

plate holder clamp — зажим для крепления пластины

plate scissors — устройство для разрезки пластин

55. фотополимерная печатная форма

phototype plate — фототипная печатная форма

pica plate — ростовой стереотип

planar plate — плоская печатная форма

plate processing unit — установка для обработки печатных форм

56. печатная форма, полученная на пластмассовой пластине прямым способом, полимерная печатная форма

swash plate — диск, насаженный на ось не под прямым углом

clamped plate — пластина с защемленными кромками

bimetal plate — биметаллическая формная пластина

unused image plate — неэкспонированная пластина

to discharge plate — выводить формную пластину

57. пластмассовый стереотип

plastic printing plate — пластмассовая печатная форма

plastic wraparound plate — гибкая пластмассовая печатная форма

plus plate — печатная форма, на которой печатающие элементы возвышаются над непечатающими

58. диапозитив на фотопластинке

sensitized plate — светочувствительная фотопластинка

to engrave a plate — работать над гравюрой

tank top plate — лист настила второго дна

identification plate — номерной знак

registration plate — номерной знак

59. формная пластина с позитивным копировальным слоем

boundary layer splitter plate — отделитель пограничного слоя

plate coater — установка для нанесения копировального слоя

double-poured plate — чашка с двойным слоем агара

lithographic plate — офсетная формная пластина

guide plate — направляющая пластина; кондуктор

60. печатная форма позитивного копирования

positive-acting plate — офсетная пластина, имеющая после копирования видимое прямое изображение

positive working printing plate — позитивная формная пластина, формная пластина позитивного копирования

postage indicium die plate — почтовый штемпель

powder etched plate — печатная форма, вытравленная с припудриванием

powderless etched plate — печатная форма, вытравленная без припудривания

precision back-up plate — прецизионная подложка для гальваностереотипа

precoated plate — предварительно очувствлённая пластина

precurved plate — предварительно изогнутая форма

pre-imposed plate — смонтированная вне машины форма

presensitized plate — предварительно-очувствлённая формная пластина

press plate — тиражная форма

pressing plate — прессующая губка, прессующая пластина

press-ready plate — форма, готовая к печати

61. формная пластина

fat extractor plate — пластина для отжима жира

exposed image plate — экспонированная пластина

discharging plate — выведение формной пластины

plate tightening — натяжение формной пластины

graining of plate — зернение формной пластины

62. форма для многокрасочного печатания

thin layer plate — пластинка для тонкослойной хромотографии

shop plate primer — цеховой грунт для листового материала

bossed plate — лист обшивки с выкружкой для гребного вала

plate crane — кран для транспортировки листового проката

multiscan plate reader — аппарат для прочтения планшетов

63. репродукционная фотопластинка

processed plate — обработанная пластина

64. перфорированная печатная форма; печатная форма с перфорированными краями

screen plate — перфорированная плита

perforated plate — перфорированная плита

65. форма с пробитыми приводочными отверстиями

quarter plate — фотоснимок форматом 8?11 см

radiation curing plate — формная пластина радиационного отверждения

ready-to-run photopolymer plate — бесприправочная фотополимерная форма

ring plate — диск с отверстиями

letter plate — отверстие для почты

drilled plate — доска со сверлёнными отверстиями

66. планка механизма бокового равнения

lap plate — пазовая планка

eye plate — планка с обухом

stop plate — упорная планка

strike plate — запорная планка

flounder plate — фасонная планка

67. металлическая пластина на переднем краю накладного стола

registered plate — форма, установленная в положение точной приводки

relief plate — форма высокой печати

relief offset plate — форма для высокой офсетной печати

resilient plate — эластичная печатная форма

earth plate — заземляющая пластина

finger bone plate — пальцевая шина

notched plate — пластина с вырезом

plate vibration — вибрация пластин

pusher plate — отжимающая пластина

68. ребристый стереотип

stereotype plate — стереотип

ribbed plate — ребристая пластина

69. ребристая печатная форма

rotary plate — ротационный стереотип

rotogravure plate — форма для ротационной глубокой печати

rubber plate — резиновая печатная форма

rubber thermoplastic plate — резиновая термопластичная форма

scan plate — клише, изготовленное на фотоэлектрогравировальной машине

plate surface treatment — обработка поверхности печатных форм

70. клише, имеющее растр на штрихах и заливках рисунка

keep plate — зажимная шина

keeper plate — запирающая шина

halffone plate — полутоновое клише

screen line plate — растровое клише

process tone plate — растровое клише

71. растровое клише

sensitized plate

zincographic plate — цинковое клише

screen plate process — растровый процесс

72. очувствлённая формная пластина

valve plate — пластина клапана

filter plate — пластина фильтра

pole plate — пластина электрода

rotor plate — роторная пластина

active plate — топливная пластина

73. светочувствительная фотопластинка

shallow-etched plate — офсетная форма неглубокого травления

shallow relief plate — форма высокой печати неглубокого травления

shell plate — тонкий стереотип

short-lived plate — печатная форма, имеющая малую тиражестойкость

skeleton black plate — печатная форма для чёрной краски

sliding plate — передвижная пластина

solid plate — печатная форма-плашка

solid photopolymer plate — печатная форма на основе твёрдой фотополимеризующейся композиции

stereotype plate — стереотип, стереотипная печатная форма, вторичная печатная форма

74. офсетная формная пластина субтрактивного типа

carrier plate — крепежная пластина

recessed plate — камерная пластина

start-up plate — пусковая пластина

starting plate — пусковая пластина

contact plate — контактная пластина

75. форма позитивного копирования

suction plate — вакуумная плита

surface plate — форма негативного копирования

tampon printing plate — форма для тампопечати

tension lock-up plate — печатная форма, закреплённая натягом

test printing plate — контрольная печатная форма, тест-форма, печатная форма для контрольных испытаний

thermoplastic plate — термопластичная печатная форма

thermosetting phenolic resin plate — пластмассовая форма на основе термореактивной фенольной смолы

thin film halftone dry plate — сухая фотопластинка с тонким слоем для растровой съёмки

three-color process plate — форма для трёхкрасочной печати

tint plate — форма для печатания растрового фона

tipped-in plate — приклеенная иллюстрация, вклейка

76. триметаллическая формная пластина

sensor plate — сенсорная пластина

wrist plate — качающаяся пластина

burn-up plate — запальная пластина

tapered plate — коническая пластина

blanking plate — запирающая пластина

77. триметаллическая печатная форма

tub-grained plate — пластина, зернённая шариками

tubular stereotype plate — трубчатый стереотип

turtle plate — выгнутая печатная форма

typewritten paper plate — машинописная бумажная печатная форма

uncoated plate — формная пластина без копировального слоя

under plate — прокладка под печатную форму

vacuum suction plate — вакуумная плита

vinyl thermoplastic plate — термопластичная форма на основе виниловых пластмасс

water-cooled plate — форма, охлаждаемая водой, форма с водяным охлаждением

water-developed plate — копия, проявляемая водой

waterless offset plate — форма для офсетной печати без увлажнения

web supporting plate — лентонаправляющая пластина; пластина, служащая опорой для ленты

wet plate — мокроколлодионная фотопластина

78. офсетная пластина для изготовления формы способом натирания

finger plate screw — винт для пальцевой плиты

tin plate ink — краска для печатания на жести

coffin plate — лист выкружки для гребного вала

eyelid plate — пластинка для операций на веках

shoring plate — платформа для установки упоров

79. офсетная печатная форма, изготовленная способом натирания

wraparound plate — гибкая полноформатная форма

xerographic plate — ксерографская печатная форма

zinc plate — цинковая форма

plate supporting surface — поверхность, несущая печатную форму

English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > plate
16 reserve

1) запас; резерв || запасать; резервировать

2) мор. заповедник, резерват

3) полоса отчуждения (напр. канала)

•

-
additional proved reserves
-
alkaline reserve
-
aromatic reserve
-
coal reserves
-
cold reserve
-
developed proved reserves
-
ecological reserve
-
electrical reserve
-
emergency reserve
-
enhanced recovery reserves
-
explored reserves
-
forest reserve
-
fuel reserve
-
gas reserves
-
hot reserve
-
ignition reserve
-
immediate reserve
-
indicated reserves
-
inferred reserve
-
in-situ reserves
-
instantaneous reserve
-
known reserves
-
mineable reserves
-
nature reserve
-
nonspinning reserve
-
oil reserves
-
open-cut reserves
-
operating reserve
-
pedal reserve
-
possible reserves
-
power reserve
-
primary reserves
-
probable reserves
-
proven reserves
-
reactive-power reserve
-
recoverable reserves
-
reserve of buoyancy
-
secondary reserves
-
special nature reserve
-
spinning reserve
-
standing reserve
-
strict nature reserve
-
system reserve
-
temporary reserve
-
thrust reserve
-
timber reserve
-
underground reserves
-
undeveloped proved reserves
-
undrainable fuel reserve
-
unrecoverable reserves
-
unusable fuel reserve

Англо-русский словарь технических терминов > reserve
17 economy

n

1) экономика; хозяйство

2) экономия; бережливость

•

to afflict the world's economy — отрицательно влиять на мировую экономику

to animate the economy — оживлять экономику

to apply the brakes to the economy — тормозить развитие экономики

to boost the economy — ускорять развитие экономики

to bring in a market economy — вводить экономику рыночного типа

to bring the economy under control — ставить экономику под контроль

to bring the country into the global economy — делать страну частью мировой экономической системы

to build up national economy — строить / создавать национальную экономику

to convert the country's ailing economy into smth — превращать больную экономику страны во что-л.

to correct the economy — исправлять положение в экономике

to create a diversified economy — создавать многоотраслевую экономику

to cripple the economy — подрывать экономику

to deal a heavy blow to the country's economy — наносить серьезный удар по экономике страны

to derail the economy — подрывать экономику

to destabilize the economy — дестабилизировать экономику

to develop the national economy — развивать национальную экономику

to dislocate the economy — приводить экономику к разрухе

to dismantle state control of the economy — отказываться от государственного управления экономикой

to distort country's economy — придавать экономике страны однобокий характер

to embark on a market economy — начинать переход к рыночной экономике

to enter the world economy — становиться частью мировой экономической системы

to exhaust the economy — истощать экономику

to expand a country's economy — развивать экономику страны

to get a big pickup in the world economy — добиваться значительного подъема мировой экономики

to get the economy back on track — налаживать экономику

to get the economy into shape — приводить экономику в порядок

to get the economy moving — давать толчок развитию экономики

to give a temporary boost to the economy — приводить ко временному подъему в экономике

to govern the world economy — управлять мировой экономикой

to have a damping effect on economy — приводить к застою в экономике

to have a profound effect on the economy — серьезно отражаться на состоянии экономики

to have an impact on a country's economy — сказываться на экономике страны

to help a country toward a market economy — помогать переходу страны к рыночной экономике

to improve one's economy — улучшать состояние экономики

to industrialize economy — индустриализировать экономику

to inflict damage on a country's economy — наносить ущерб экономике страны

to inherit a backward economy from smb — унаследовать отсталую экономику от кого-л.

to interact with the world economy — взаимодействовать с мировой экономикой

to keep a tight control over the economy — осуществлять жесткий контроль над экономикой

to keep the economy in balance — поддерживать экономику в состоянии равновесия

to knick the economy into shape — приводить экономику в порядок

to knock a country's economy into shape — приводить в порядок экономику страны

to liberalize the economy — либерализировать экономику

to make economy buoyant — стимулировать экономический рост

to meet the needs of the national economy for smth — удовлетворять потребности национальной экономики в чем-л.

to militarize the economy — милитаризировать экономику

to mismanage a country's economy — проявлять бесхозяйственность в управлении экономикой страны

to overhaul a country's economy — приводить в порядок экономику страны

to paralyze the economy — парализовывать экономику

to place strains on a country's economy — перегружать экономику страны

to place the economy of the country under control — ставить экономику страны под контроль

to plunge the economy into chaos — ввергать экономику страны в хаос

to put the economy into shape — приводить экономику в порядок

to put the economy on the a war-time footing — переводить экономику на военные рельсы

to put the country's economy back on its feet — ставить экономику страны на ноги

to ravage the economy — подрывать экономику

to rebuild a country's economy — восстанавливать / реконструировать экономику страны

to regenerate the economy — восстанавливать экономику

to rehabilitate the war-ravaged national economy — восстанавливать разрушенную войной экономику страны

to rejuvenate the economy — восстанавливать экономику

to remodel the economy — переделывать / изменять экономику

to reshape the economy — перестраивать экономику

to restore the economy — восстанавливать экономику

to restructure the economy — перестраивать экономику

to return to a command economy — возвращаться к командным методам в экономике

to revitalize / to revive the economy — возрождать / оживлять экономику

to run the economy — управлять экономикой

to rupture the economy — разрушать экономику

to sabotage the economy — сознательно подрывать экономику

to safeguard a country's economy against smth — обезопасить экономику страны от чего-л.

to satisfy the needs of the national economy for smth — удовлетворять потребности национальной экономики в чем-л.

to shake up the economy — встряхивать экономику

to slow the economy — замедлять развитие экономики

to stabilize the economy — стабилизировать экономику

to stave off further deterioration of the economy — предотвращать дальнейший спад экономики

to steady the world economy — укреплять мировую экономику

to stimulate one's domestic economy — стимулировать рост экономики внутри страны

to strengthen the economy — укреплять экономику

to take the heat out of the economy — ослаблять экономику

to throw the economy into recession — приводить к экономическому спаду

to tighten one's economy hold — усиливать свое экономическое влияние

to transform the economy — преобразовывать экономику

to trip the economy into recession — подталкивать экономику к спаду

to turn the economy round — налаживать экономику

to undermine a country's economy — подрывать экономику страны

to weaken the economy — ослаблять экономику

- advanced economy
- adversely affected branches of economy
- agricultural economy
- ailing economy
- ailing economies of the Third World
- all-embracing economy
- appalling state of the economy
- balanced development of the branches of economy
- barter economy
- beleaguered economy
- black economy
- buoyancy in a country's economy
- buoyant economy
- business economy
- capitalist economy
- centralized economy
- centrally planned economy
- closed economy
- cohesive economy
- collapsing economy
- colonialist economy
- command economy
- commanding heights of the economy
- competitive economy
- complementary economies
- consumer economy
- controlled economy
- crippled economy
- crisis-free economy
- critical state of the economy
- day-to-day running of economy
- debt-ridden economy
- defense economy
- developed economy
- developed national economy
- developing economy
- dire state of the economy
- disrupted economy
- domestic economy
- economy catches its breath
- economy constricts
- economy expands
- economy goes deeper into crisis
- economy goes into a decline
- economy is buoyant
- economy is close to collapse
- economy is coming out of recession
- economy is crumbling
- economy is diving into a recession
- economy is facing a slump
- economy is faltering
- economy is headed upward
- economy is in a dreadful state
- economy is in a state of collapse
- economy is in bad condition
- economy is in recession
- economy is in the doldrums
- economy is not out of the woods yet
- economy is rolling downhill
- economy is sagging
- economy is seriously unbalanced
- economy is shrinking
- economy of disarmament
- economy of fuel
- economy of one-sided development
- economy of scarcity
- economy recovers
- economy undergoing charges
- economy will undergo drastic surgical measures
- economy with a high rate of growth in per capita output
- economies of industrialized countries are booming
- economies of scale
- economies on labor
- economies on social services
- emerging economy
- engineering economy
- exchange economy
- expanding economy
- fast developing economy
- flagging economy
- fragile economy
- frail economy
- free economy
- free enterprise economy
- freewheeling economy
- full employment economy
- ghost economy
- gilt-edged economy
- global economy
- gray economy
- green economy
- gross mismanagement of economy
- growth of the economy
- growth rate of the economy
- healthy economy
- high employment economy
- high interest rates further dampen down the economy
- highly developed branches of the economy
- home economy
- humane economy
- industrial economy
- inflationary pressures on the economy
- intensification of economy
- laissez-faire economy
- less centralized grip on the economy
- lop-sided economy
- low pressure economy
- major economy
- management of the economy
- market economy
- market-oriented economy
- mature economy
- mechanics of economy
- militarization of the economy
- militarized economy
- military economy
- mixed economy
- modernization of the economy
- monetary economy
- moribund economy
- multibranch economy
- multisectoral economy
- multistructrural economy
- national economy
- no-growth period of economy
- ongoing trends in the world economy
- overheated economy
- peace-time economy
- peasant economy
- plan-based economy
- planless economy
- plan-market economy
- planned economy
- pluralistic economy
- policy of economy

- political economy
- powerful economy
- private economy
- private enterprise economy
- private sector of the economy
- progressive transformation of the economy
- protected economy
- public sector of the economy
- rapid expansion of the economy
- ravaged economy
- recovery in economy
- reforming of the economy along western lines
- regulated market economy
- retooling of the national economy
- revitalization of the economy
- robber economy
- robust economy
- run-down economy
- rural economy
- sagging economy
- sane economy
- self-sustained economy
- shadow economy
- shaky economy
- shattered economy
- shift away from central control of the economy
- shift to a market economy
- sick economy
- siege economy
- simple commodity economy
- size of the economy
- slide in the economy
- slowing of economy
- sluggish economy
- socialist economy
- socialist system of economy
- socialized economy
- sound economy
- Soviet-style economy
- spaceman economy
- spontaneous economy
- stability of economy
- stagnant economy
- state of the economy

- state-monopoly economy
- state-run economy
- stationary economy
- steady-state economy
- strict economy
- strong economy
- study of world economy
- subsistence economy
- sustained growth of economy
- swift transition to market economy
- swiss-cheese economy
- switchover to a market economy
- the country's economy grew by 10 per cent
- the country's economy has been in better shape than before
- the country's economy is in a pretty bad way
- the country's economy is in dire trouble
- tottering economy
- transition to market economy
- troubled economy
- turnaround in the economy
- two interlined economies
- unbalanced economy
- under-the-table economy
- unstable economy
- viable economy
- war economy
- war-ravaged economy
- war-time economy
- weakening of the economy
- world economy

Politics english-russian dictionary > economy
18 develop

1. v развивать, совершенствовать

to develop a melody — развивать тему

develop a plan — развивать план

develop thrust — развивать тягу

develop power — развивать мощность

develop supplies — развивать поставки

to develop the theme — развивать тему

2. v развиваться, расти; расширяться; превращаться

his character is still developing — его характер ещё не сложился окончательно

develop lines — развивать коммуникации

develop a beachhead — расширять плацдарм

to develop an attack — развивать наступление

develop co-operation — развивать сотрудничество

3. v развиваться, проходить, протекать

the fever develops normally — лихорадка протекает нормально

to develop a 20,000 kilo thrust at take-off — развивать тягу в 20 000 кг при взлёте

4. v начинаться

a developing snowstorm — начинающийся буран

5. v показывать, обнаруживать

to develop a passion for art — проникнуться страстной любовью к искусству

he developed symptoms of fever — у него обнаружились симптомы лихорадки

6. v проявляться, оказываться, обнаруживаться

a new feature of the case developed today — сегодня дело приняло другой оборот

develop a film — проявлять пленку

to develop a film — проявлять фотоплёнку

7. v излагать; раскрывать

to develop an argument — развивать аргумент

8. v разрабатывать

to develop mineral resources — разрабатывать полезные ископаемые

develop specifications — разрабатывать технические условия

9. v горн. развить

to develop a sensitivity to art — развить восприятие искусства

10. v горн. вскрыть

11. v создавать, вырабатывать, получать

to develop heat — получать тепловую энергию

develop a base — создавать базу

develop a shortage — создавать нехватку

develop fuel — создавать нехватку горючего

12. v создавать, разрабатывать

to develop a system — разработать систему

develop a procedure — разрабатывать определенный порядок работы

13. v спец. развивать, достигать; иметь

the motor develops 100 horsepower — мощность двигателя составляет 100 лошадиных сил

develop and maintain physical fitness — развивать и поддерживать физическую подготовленность

14. v спорт. разучивать

to develop new routines — разучить новые элементы

15. v амер. арх. выявлять, выяснять, раскрывать

the inquiry has developed some new facts — расследование вскрыло несколько новых фактов

develop condition — выяснять обстановку

develop the situation — выяснять обстановку

16. v фото

17. v проявлять

18. v выводить; развивать

to develop a rook — вывести ладью

19. v воен. расчленять, развёртывать

20. v мат. разлагать, раскрывать

21. v мат. развёртывать

Синонимический ряд:

1. breed (verb) breed; cultivate; generate; produce

2. elaborate (verb) elaborate; explicate; fill out

3. get (verb) catch; contract; get; incur; sicken; take

4. grow (verb) acquire; advance; age; form; grow; grow up; learn; maturate; mature; mellow; ripen

5. happen (verb) befall; betide; break; chance; come; come about; come off; do; ensue; fall out; follow; give; go; hap; happen; occur; pass; result; rise; transpire

6. improve (verb) amplify; dilate; enlarge; evolve; expand; exploit; extend; improve; labour; magnify; promote; spread; stretch

7. increase (verb) accrue; build up; gain; increase

8. tell (verb) disclose; exhibit; explain; tell; uncover; unfold; unravel; unroll; unwind

Антонимический ряд:

compress; conceal; condense; confine; contract; cure; envelop; hide; involve; lessen; mystify; narrow; obscure; reduce; restrict; wither

English-Russian base dictionary > develop
19 Edison, Thomas Alva

SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building, Automotive engineering, Electricity, Electronics and information technology, Metallurgy, Photography, film and optics, Public utilities, Recording, Telecommunications

[br]

b. 11 February 1847 Milan, Ohio, USA

d. 18 October 1931 Glenmont

[br]

American inventor and pioneer electrical developer.

[br]

He was the son of Samuel Edison, who was in the timber business. His schooling was delayed due to scarlet fever until 1855, when he was 8½ years old, but he was an avid reader. By the age of 14 he had a job as a newsboy on the railway from Port Huron to Detroit, a distance of sixty-three miles (101 km). He worked a fourteen-hour day with a stopover of five hours, which he spent in the Detroit Free Library. He also sold sweets on the train and, later, fruit and vegetables, and was soon making a profit of $20 a week. He then started two stores in Port Huron and used a spare freight car as a laboratory. He added a hand-printing press to produce 400 copies weekly of The Grand Trunk Herald, most of which he compiled and edited himself. He set himself to learn telegraphy from the station agent at Mount Clements, whose son he had saved from being run over by a freight car.

At the age of 16 he became a telegraphist at Port Huron. In 1863 he became railway telegraphist at the busy Stratford Junction of the Grand Trunk Railroad, arranging a clock with a notched wheel to give the hourly signal which was to prove that he was awake and at his post! He left hurriedly after failing to hold a train which was nearly involved in a head-on collision. He usually worked the night shift, allowing himself time for experiments during the day. His first invention was an arrangement of two Morse registers so that a high-speed input could be decoded at a slower speed. Moving from place to place he held many positions as a telegraphist. In Boston he invented an automatic vote recorder for Congress and patented it, but the idea was rejected. This was the first of a total of 1180 patents that he was to take out during his lifetime. After six years he resigned from the Western Union Company to devote all his time to invention, his next idea being an improved ticker-tape machine for stockbrokers. He developed a duplex telegraphy system, but this was turned down by the Western Union Company. He then moved to New York.

Edison found accommodation in the battery room of Law's Gold Reporting Company, sleeping in the cellar, and there his repair of a broken transmitter marked him as someone of special talents. His superior soon resigned, and he was promoted with a salary of $300 a month. Western Union paid him $40,000 for the sole rights on future improvements on the duplex telegraph, and he moved to Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, where he employed a gathering of specialist engineers. Within a year, he married one of his employees, Mary Stilwell, when she was only 16: a daughter, Marion, was born in 1872, and two sons, Thomas and William, in 1876 and 1879, respectively.

He continued to work on the automatic telegraph, a device to send out messages faster than they could be tapped out by hand: that is, over fifty words per minute or so. An earlier machine by Alexander Bain worked at up to 400 words per minute, but was not good over long distances. Edison agreed to work on improving this feature of Bain's machine for the Automatic Telegraph Company (ATC) for $40,000. He improved it to a working speed of 500 words per minute and ran a test between Washington and New York. Hoping to sell their equipment to the Post Office in Britain, ATC sent Edison to England in 1873 to negotiate. A 500-word message was to be sent from Liverpool to London every half-hour for six hours, followed by tests on 2,200 miles (3,540 km) of cable at Greenwich. Only confused results were obtained due to induction in the cable, which lay coiled in a water tank. Edison returned to New York, where he worked on his quadruplex telegraph system, tests of which proved a success between New York and Albany in December 1874. Unfortunately, simultaneous negotiation with Western Union and ATC resulted in a lawsuit.

Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for a telephone in March 1876 while Edison was still working on the same idea. His improvements allowed the device to operate over a distance of hundreds of miles instead of only a few miles. Tests were carried out over the 106 miles (170 km) between New York and Philadelphia. Edison applied for a patent on the carbon-button transmitter in April 1877, Western Union agreeing to pay him $6,000 a year for the seventeen-year duration of the patent. In these years he was also working on the development of the electric lamp and on a duplicating machine which would make up to 3,000 copies from a stencil. In 1876–7 he moved from Newark to Menlo Park, twenty-four miles (39 km) from New York on the Pennsylvania Railway, near Elizabeth. He had bought a house there around which he built the premises that would become his "inventions factory". It was there that he began the use of his 200- page pocket notebooks, each of which lasted him about two weeks, so prolific were his ideas. When he died he left 3,400 of them filled with notes and sketches.

Late in 1877 he applied for a patent for a phonograph which was granted on 19 February 1878, and by the end of the year he had formed a company to manufacture this totally new product. At the time, Edison saw the device primarily as a business aid rather than for entertainment, rather as a dictating machine. In August 1878 he was granted a British patent. In July 1878 he tried to measure the heat from the solar corona at a solar eclipse viewed from Rawlins, Wyoming, but his "tasimeter" was too sensitive.

Probably his greatest achievement was "The Subdivision of the Electric Light" or the "glow bulb". He tried many materials for the filament before settling on carbon. He gave a demonstration of electric light by lighting up Menlo Park and inviting the public. Edison was, of course, faced with the problem of inventing and producing all the ancillaries which go to make up the electrical system of generation and distribution-meters, fuses, insulation, switches, cabling—even generators had to be designed and built; everything was new. He started a number of manufacturing companies to produce the various components needed.

In 1881 he built the world's largest generator, which weighed 27 tons, to light 1,200 lamps at the Paris Exhibition. It was later moved to England to be used in the world's first central power station with steam engine drive at Holborn Viaduct, London. In September 1882 he started up his Pearl Street Generating Station in New York, which led to a worldwide increase in the application of electric power, particularly for lighting. At the same time as these developments, he built a 1,300yd (1,190m) electric railway at Menlo Park.

On 9 August 1884 his wife died of typhoid. Using his telegraphic skills, he proposed to 19-year-old Mina Miller in Morse code while in the company of others on a train. He married her in February 1885 before buying a new house and estate at West Orange, New Jersey, building a new laboratory not far away in the Orange Valley.

Edison used direct current which was limited to around 250 volts. Alternating current was largely developed by George Westinghouse and Nicola Tesla, using transformers to step up the current to a higher voltage for long-distance transmission. The use of AC gradually overtook the Edison DC system.

In autumn 1888 he patented a form of cinephotography, the kinetoscope, obtaining film-stock from George Eastman. In 1893 he set up the first film studio, which was pivoted so as to catch the sun, with a hinged roof which could be raised. In 1894 kinetoscope parlours with "peep shows" were starting up in cities all over America. Competition came from the Latham Brothers with a screen-projection machine, which Edison answered with his "Vitascope", shown in New York in 1896. This showed pictures with accompanying sound, but there was some difficulty with synchronization. Edison also experimented with captions at this early date.

In 1880 he filed a patent for a magnetic ore separator, the first of nearly sixty. He bought up deposits of low-grade iron ore which had been developed in the north of New Jersey. The process was a commercial success until the discovery of iron-rich ore in Minnesota rendered it uneconomic and uncompetitive. In 1898 cement rock was discovered in New Village, west of West Orange. Edison bought the land and started cement manufacture, using kilns twice the normal length and using half as much fuel to heat them as the normal type of kiln. In 1893 he met Henry Ford, who was building his second car, at an Edison convention. This started him on the development of a battery for an electric car on which he made over 9,000 experiments. In 1903 he sold his patent for wireless telegraphy "for a song" to Guglielmo Marconi.

In 1910 Edison designed a prefabricated concrete house. In December 1914 fire destroyed three-quarters of the West Orange plant, but it was at once rebuilt, and with the threat of war Edison started to set up his own plants for making all the chemicals that he had previously been buying from Europe, such as carbolic acid, phenol, benzol, aniline dyes, etc. He was appointed President of the Navy Consulting Board, for whom, he said, he made some forty-five inventions, "but they were pigeonholed, every one of them". Thus did Edison find that the Navy did not take kindly to civilian interference.

In 1927 he started the Edison Botanic Research Company, founded with similar investment from Ford and Firestone with the object of finding a substitute for overseas-produced rubber. In the first year he tested no fewer than 3,327 possible plants, in the second year, over 1,400, eventually developing a variety of Golden Rod which grew to 14 ft (4.3 m) in height. However, all this effort and money was wasted, due to the discovery of synthetic rubber.

In October 1929 he was present at Henry Ford's opening of his Dearborn Museum to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the incandescent lamp, including a replica of the Menlo Park laboratory. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and was elected to the American Academy of Sciences. He died in 1931 at his home, Glenmont; throughout the USA, lights were dimmed temporarily on the day of his funeral.

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Principal Honours and Distinctions

Member of the American Academy of Sciences. Congressional Gold Medal.

Further Reading

M.Josephson, 1951, Edison, Eyre \& Spottiswode.

R.W.Clark, 1977, Edison, the Man who Made the Future, Macdonald \& Jane.

IMcN

Biographical history of technology > Edison, Thomas Alva
20 industry

n

промышленность

to bolster the domestic industry — способствовать развитию отечественной промышленности

to bring all industries to a halt — парализовать работу всех отраслей промышленности

to build industries — создавать отрасли промышленности

to convert the industry to peaceful production — конвертировать военную промышленность (на товары массового спроса)

to cover all industries — охватывать все отрасли промышленности

to convert the industry to military production — переводить промышленность на военные рельсы

to develop industry — развивать промышленность

to disrupt industries — нарушать работу различных отраслей промышленности

to establish new industries — создавать новые отрасли промышленности

to invest in an industry — делать капиталовложения в отрасль промышленности

to launch new industries — создавать новые отрасли промышленности

to nationalize an industry — национализировать отрасль промышленности

to promote industry — способствовать развитию промышленности

to reconstruct an industry — реконструировать отрасль промышленности

to relocate one's industries — переносить свои предприятия в другое место

to restore industry — возрождать / восстанавливать промышленность

to restructure industry — реконструировать промышленность

to sell off an industry — продавать частным владельцам / денационализировать отрасль промышленности

- advertising industry
- aerospace industry
- agricultural industry
- aircraft industry
- allied industries
- ancillary industries
- armaments industry
- arms industry
- atomic industry
- auto industry
- automobile industry
- auxiliary industry
- baby industries
- basic industries
- building industry
- capital goods industries
- capital-intensive industry
- chemical industry
- cinematographic industry
- construction industry
- consumer goods industry
- cottage industry
- craft industry
- defense industries
- defense-related industries
- development of national industry
- diversified industry
- domestic industry
- efficient industry
- electric-power industry
- electronics industry
- electrotechnical industry
- energy industry
- engineering industry
- entertainment industry
- export industries
- export-promoting industries
- extractive industry
- fabricating industry
- farming industry
- ferrous metal industry
- film industry
- food industry
- food-processing industry
- forest industry
- fuel and power industries
- fuel industry
- heavy industry
- high tech industry
- highly developed industries
- home industry
- import-substituting industries
- import-substitution industries
- industries with non-stop production
- infant industry
- instruction industry
- instrument-making industry
- iron and steel industry
- key industry
- labor-consuming industries
- labor-intensive industries
- large-scale industry
- leisure-time industries
- light industry
- local industry
- machine-building industry
- machine-tool industry
- manufacturing industry
- maritime industry
- metal-working industry
- mining industry
- monopolistic industry
- monopolized industry
- motor-car industry
- national industry
- nationalized industry
- nuclear industry
- nuclear-power industry
- oil industry
- oil-extracting industry
- petrochemical industry
- petroleum industry
- power industry
- primary industry
- printing industry
- priority industries
- processing industries
- public industries
- publicly-owned industries
- radio engineering industry
- regional industry
- rural industry
- science-consuming industry
- science-intensive industry
- secondary industry
- service industries
- service-producing industries
- shipbuilding industry
- small-scale industries
- state industry
- state-controlled industry
- state-owned industry
- steel industry
- sunrise industry
- sunset industry
- technically advanced industry
- technology industry
- technology-intensive industry
- tourist industry
- trade industry
- traditional industries
- travel industry
- uneconomic industries
- up-to-date industry
- user industries
- vital industries
- war industry
- weapon industry

Politics english-russian dictionary > industry

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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developed fuel

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на все языки

developed fuel

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